Aristotle January 13, 2009 “Biological Writings, pt. 1” – audio recording
Here’s the audio recording for the first Aristotle call. Listen online or download the mp3 file and listen to it as a podcast on your iPod.
Download Aristotle_Jan13_Biological Writings Call
Aristotle – Thank you, everyone!
Hey,Thank you, everyone!That was a good start to our group. I look forward to future calls. Let’s keep the conversation going in e-mail.Best,Phil
Bios of Aristotle Readers
Folks,
Here’s a quick list of the 15 veteran readers of reading group 1 – who join me in welcoming everyone – including our newest members (and folks transferring in from reading group 2) – to our year-long odyssey of reading Aristotle.
– Tim Albright
– Patrick Barth
– Shawn Budde
– Kendall Crolius
– Bill Damon
– John Halloran
– Nancy Kopans
– Erin McKean
– Lisa Quiñones
– Frank Renzler
– Jill Rowe
– Bruce Upbin
– Pat Wictor
– Hedy Williamson
These veteran readers have more or less committed to reading all the great books of the western tradition together for the rest of our lives. Pat Wictor and I started this effort three years ago and have read Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, the Old Testament and Plato together with the growing group of 15 above and folks who join us for a book or two.
See *all* the bios below.
Phil
Tim Albright
— no bio —
Patrick Barth
I am co-owner of a Brooklyn Based company, New Project. We specialize in custom museum installations. We also occasionally assist artists in realizing their visions. Prior to forming my company I worked independently as an artist assistant installing their sculptures in museums and galleries around the world. Before moving to New York to pursue my own dream of being an artist I taught sculpture and drawing at Bowling Green State University. I still occasionally work on my own art. One such project I have been dabbling with for a few years now is a series of illustrations based on The Iliad. I have degrees from Brigham Young University and Ohio State University. I grew up in Utah and, although I love New York, I will always miss the west. Some hobbies include white water kayaking, and surfing (still a beginner). Most excitingly, my wife and I just had our first baby.
Ravi Bhatia
I am a Project Executive with Madison Equities, a mid-sized real estate development firm in Manhattan. Currently, I am in charge of construction of an 11-story boutique condominium on Irving Place and am working on design development of a hotel in the West Village. I have over 20 years of project management experience spanning real estate, electrical construction, construction management, general construction, telecommunications deployment and technology integration.
I reside in Roslyn, NY with my wife of 18 years and my three-year old daughter. I was born in Mumbai, India and emigrated to the U.S. in 1970. I was raised in Flushing, NY and have lived in NYC most of my life. I enjoy reading, traveling, teaching, public speaking and connecting with people. I serve as an Adjunct Associate Professor at NYU’s School of Continuing Education (Real Estate Institute).
I’m a registered Professional Engineer (PE) and a Certified Project Management Professional (PMP). I have a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (Polytechnic University), a MBA (Hofstra University) and a M.S. Telecommunications and Information Management (Polytechnic University).
Dan Blank
Dan Blank is the Director of Content Strategy and Development for Reed Business Information. He works with 50+ B2B publications on their blogging strategy, and works with editors to create compelling text, photo, audio and video media for their brands. He also blogs at www.DanBlank.com, where he tracks the latest news affecting publishing and new media.
Felice Bochman
Formally the Senior Editorial Director for Care.com, and Managing Editor for Babyzone.com, Felice continues her work in e-commerce and web content. She has a BA in English and Philosophy and an MA in English Literature. Her web content and freelance work have appeared on Babyzone.com, Care.com, The Content Wrangler, Poshtots.com, and Interfaithfamily.com.
Felice is also an erstwhile fresco painter. Though currently on hiatus from the art world, her artwork has been featured in a number of shows and has sold to clients across the country. Free time comes at a premium—but when she does have some—she indulges in hiking, yoga, playing with her kids, reading an eclectic selection of books and journals, and reminding herself to enjoy the present and not spend too much time worrying about the future. She lives in Boston with her kids, utterly detests being bored, isn’t very good at relaxing, and yet loves the rare moments when life can be enjoyed at less than the speed of the internet.
Shawn Budde
Mr. Budde earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York City and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Mark Casey
I live in San Francisco with my wife Carrie, to whom I got married in January 2007. For the last 7 years I have been working as an investment analyst at Capital Research and Management, a mutual fund management company. I follow Internet and media and entertainment companies, and can somewhat plausibly say, when caught using eBay at work, that “this is part of my job.” My main hobbies outside of work are (1) singing with the Richter Scales, a men’s a cappella singing group; (2) reading; and (3) navigating the treacherous waters of San Francisco’s real estate market. Other salient resume points include my schooling (Yale ’92, HBS ’98) and prior employers (P&G ’92-95 and Siebel Systems ’98-00).
Kendall Crolius
Kendall graduated in 1976 with a degree in English from Princeton University – back when women were still something of a novelty in the Ivy League. She wrote her thesis on “The Origin And Development of The Character of Morgan Le Fay in The Arthurian Cycle” and earned extra points for finding an Arthurian topic that had not been done to death.
e apocalypse. Kendall’s other activities include co-directing her church’s Christmas Pageant; making homemade jellies and pickles; and knitting obsessively. She lives in Southport, CT with her husband and their two teenagers: Trevor, a talented musician and filmmaker; and Martha, a dazzling writer and performer, and courageous four year cancer survivor. Kendall savors her daily commute to and from NYC because it provides the only reading opportunity she ever seems to find below 35,000 feet. Bill Damon (old bio)
For the last twelve years, I have been with Harvard Business School Publishing, publisher of the Harvard Business Review, HBS case studies, and HBS Press books. The early part of my work at HBSP had me doing tech support, database administration, desktop application/UI development, and Intranet design and development. For the last five years I have been a system administrator, developer, business analyst, and usability resource for our e-commerce site. My new position as Findability and Metrics Analyst was recently created in response to HBSP’s renewed focus on online customer experience. In this position, I’m helping to lead efforts to improve our site search and SEO. I’m also implementing new reporting tools and leading a consumer electronics research team to evaluate how new devices will change our customers’ content consumption habits. Adam Davids
Adam Davids is the principal of the entertainment law practice, the Law Office of Adam Davids, P.C. In his practice, Adam represents artists and indies in their pursuit of their projects and the protection of their rights. Prior to establishing his own practice, Adam was the CEO of a multinational industry association in the financial industry and ran the international department of a financial training institution. Adam has also been a partner in an annual music conference in Miami, a waiter in Prague, both a car jockey and a disc jockey in Canada and a business manager in London. He received his Masters in history from Columbia, his JD from Cardozo School of Law and currently resides in the better borough of Brooklyn. Anne Dunning
Anne Dunning was born and raised in Canada. Before coming to New York, she spent ten years with the Danny Grossman Dance Company in Toronto where she was director of communications, associate general manager and administrative director. She became a principal consultant at ARTS Action Research, a Brooklyn-based consulting group specializing in strategic planning, organizational development and resource building for the nonprofit arts, in March, 2004. In Canada she was founding chair of the national council of the Canadian Dance Assembly, whip of The Creative Trust endowment campaign and continues to serve on the George Cedric Metcalf Foundation’s Strategic Initiatives Advisory Committee. In the United States, she has been a trustee and Chair of the Board of Dance/USA, the national service organization for dance. She has contributed to the Dance Umbrella of Ontario’s Step by Step electronic workbook, has taught for Humber College’s arts administration program and been a mentor and guest speaker for the University of Toronto’s arts administration program. Before becoming involved in the arts, Anne studied biology at McGill University in Montreal, where she received an honors Bachelor of Science in ecology, evolution and behavior. She lives in Manhattan with her husband, Gary, who is executive director of the Big Apple Circus. Alex Fisken
Alex Fisken has over a decade of designing & building e-commerce experiences. As the former Director of Web Strategy for Network Solutions, he shaped the way customers find, develop and maintain their online identities. Alex joined from the financial services arena, managing the design of Folio FN, a revolutionary online brokerage. Previously, he helped found Symphony Marketing Group, a pioneer in building early e-commerce stores. Mr. Fisken holds a BA in Graphic Design from Lynchburg College. Alex lives in the Washington, DC suburbs with his wife and two daughters.
Paul Gaetani
Born and raised in New England, joined the Navy right out of high school, to “see the world”, I saw Orlando Florida and New London Connecticut! Worked in a lot of different industries, rode the high tech wave for a while (7 jobs in 7 years before my current one).
Passionate about books, especially history. Love roots music of any kind. Decided to teach myself guitar about a year ago, and I think I play adequately for someone with one year’s worth of self training.
Avid Doctor Who fan.
While I absolutely do not believe in institutionalized religion, I do believe the Bible is the inspired, inerrant Word of God. I do not believe that mankind has the ultimate capacity to fully comprehend this message, but that should not stop our life-long pursuit of seeking further understanding.
Most recently I have been contemplating dropping out of corporate life all together, perhaps to go start a farm or keep bees. I wonder what difference anything I do in my day-to-day job will actually make in 20 years.
Jonathan Gordon
I am married with three kids and live on the Upper West Side in New York City. I am an investment banker with The van Tulleken Company, an M&A boutique firm focused on information, media, publishing, education and technology companies. Prior to joining them, I worked with VNU Business Media (subsequently Nielsen), Primedia and JP Morgan in various financial, operational and business development roles. I qualified as an attorney in South Africa where I grew up and spent the earliest part of my professional career.
Depending on when and whom you ask, Erik Hagerman is either a creative executive with an art problem, or an artist with a creative executive problem. As a creative executive, he’s designed online user experiences and led creative teams for companies ranging from the small and startuppy (PlanetRx, Cuil) to the large and behemothy (Wal-Mart, Disney). He is currently Vice President, Creative for Cuil.com, a startup search engine. Prior to joining Cuil, he was Vice President, Creative at Walmart.com, where he led marketing and site design and built and managed the user experience team. As an artist, he builds sculpture and assemblage out of mostly salvaged materials and found objects, including salvaged lumber, wooden foundry molds and used wooden toy building blocks (pics at http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikhagerman/ ). Hagerman recently moved his art-making operations into a superfantabulous warehouse space in Brooklyn, NY, which would be awesome except for the fact that the company he recently joined is located in Menlo Park, CA. Is this awkward? Yes it is. He holds a BA in History from Dartmouth College and an MA in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from Magdalen College, Oxford University, where he studied as a Marshall Scholar. John Halloran
John leads all product management efforts at Liquidnet, including design, product definition and business analysis. As one of the first employees of the company – John built and managed Liquidnet’s implementation group, which is responsible for installing, integrating and maintaining the Liquidnet system at Member sites. More recently, John has overseen the creation and staffing of a dedicated interaction design team within Liquidnet’s software development process. In 6 years of operation, Liquidnet has been recognized by Institutional Investor as the ‘#1 Brokerage Firm for Global Trading’; quickly besting long-established players in the institutional equity trading space. Liquidnet owes much of this success to the attention it pays to user experience. The foundation of the Liquidn
et user experience is Liquidnet’ patented integration with Order Management Systems, of which John is an inventor. Currently, John is at work on the problems of internationalizing the Liquidnet offering; maintaining an elegant and consistent user experience that transcends diverse national, cultural and regulatory boundaries. John holds a bachelor’s degree in International Relations from Occidental College, and is a graduate of Columbia University’s Computer Technology and Applications program. He lives in Manhattan with his wife and 2 young children. Sari Harris
I am the Senior Information Architect on the product team of Thumbplay, Inc., where I get to focus on people’s obsessions with their handheld devices and mobile media. Previously, I spent six years at the Economist Group as an information architect and interface designer. I hold an MLIS from Pratt Institute and a BA in English Literature and Creative Writing from UIC. In my free time I study the intersection of people, media, and technology–when I’m not reading philosophy, literature and comic books, or programing interactive toys. Nancy Kopans
I am General Counsel of JSTOR, a non-profit online library of scholarly journals based in NYC. Before attending law school, I was a Ph.D. candidate in Columbia’s English Department (am A.B.D.), following undergraduate study in Geology at Dartmouth. That was a long time ago. These days, as the mother of two young girls, I find that most of my reading outside of work focuses on material geared to the under-ten crowd. I welcome the opportunity to re-engage in reading significant (grownup) works — with Phil, whom I’ve known since 1996, and his friends. What we see in great literature changes based on our experiences. I can’t say I’m wiser these days, but there’s a lot more texture to life, so it will be interesting to re-connect, or to connect for the first time, with the material the group will be reading. Erin McKean
Erin McKean likes to call herself a Dictionary Evangelist. She is Chief Consulting Editor, American Dictionaries for Oxford University Press, and the editor of VERBATIM: The Language Quarterly. She was the editor in chief of the The New Oxford American Dictionary, 2e, and is the author of Weird and Wonderful Words, More Weird and Wonderful Words, Totally Weird and Wonderful Words, and That’s Amore (also about words). Previously, she was the editorial manager for the Thorndike-Barnhart Dictionaries at ScottForesman, a Pearson company. She has served on the board of the Dictionary Society of North America and on the editorial board for its journal, Dictionaries, as well as on the editorial board for the journal of the American Dialect Society, American Speech. She also serves on the advisory boards of the Wikimedia Foundation and XRefer. She lives in Chicago, rants about dresses on her blog (http://www.dressaday.com/dressaday.html), and she’s actually really bad at Scrabble (but surprisingly good at roller-skating). Mike Nagel
Mike is the Online Producer for Care.com, where he manages blogs and creates and edits site content. After leaving a career in network television journalism, Mike earned a M.F.A. in Creative Writing from Emerson College. His freelance work has appeared in the Boston Globe, with the Beijing Olympic News Service, Good Catch Publishing, and as a featured travel writer for STATravlers.com. In his spare time, Mike is an avid traveler, sports fan (Red Sox and Bills), music junky, coffee enthusiast and mildly interesting blogger. He lives in New Hampshire’s seacoast region and will marry his fiance, Sonja, in June of 2009. Lisa Quiñones
Lisa Quiñones is a freelance photographer based in NYC. She’s been photographing politics, portraits, news and life in NYC and abroad since the late 1980’s. You can see her work on-line at www.lisaquinones.com. Lisa has known Pat and Phil for 19 years!! (yikes) since, in a past life, they worked together as consumer and environmental lobbyists for a summer in San Diego, CA. So glad they both brought their enthusiasm and ideas to the east coast! Frank Renzler
I have been in the construction industry, primarily in New York City, for over 25 years, the last 15 of those at Structure Tone. I am currently the Executive-in-Charge of the Bank of America’s 1.5 million square foot build-out at One Bryant Park, the largest LEED Gold installation in the country. Other noteworthy projects I have had a managerial role in are the United States Courthouse at Foley Square, J. P. Morgan 60 Wall Street Headquarters and SONY Recording Studios. I was born and raised in the Lower West Side of Manhattan, attended Regis High School, SUNY Binghamton and Columbia University Graduate Business School; I have been married to Ann for 26 years and have two children; Nicholas, who graduated from Brown University in 2007, and Katie, who is entering her sophomore year there; I enjoy spending time with friends, reading, cooking and playing the guitar; I welcome the opportunity to read the “great” books with other like-minded people. Jill Rowe
– no bio – Henry Seiden
I’m a psychologist and a psychoanalyst. I live and practice–in the winter–in Forest Hills, NY but I spend as much of the summer as I can at our family beach house in Truro on Cape Cod. I teach and supervise psychotherapy at several local universities and I’m on the Board of Directors of the Division of Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association. I see patients in my office about half time and, more and more, spend my free time reading (novels, travel writing, the classics) and writing–these days poetry and essays on poetry. I’ve published professionally (on suicide, on narcissism, on metaphor) and I’ve been studying poetry and working seriously at writing it for many years. I’ve published poems in Poetry magazine, and in a number of other literary and professional journals. I’m looking for a publisher for a collection of Bronx childhood poems–tentatively titled Spaldeen. Irene Shubladze
Irene Shubladze leads search marketing at Travelocity.com where she currently manages all organic and paid search media efforts for North & Latin America. Since joining Travelocity in 2006, Irene’s innovative marketing strategies have led the way in dramatically improving campaign efficiency and driving profitability. She has worked in
online marketing since 2003 with experience on both the agency and the client side. Ms. Shubladze is a graduate of Georgia State University with dual degree in Computer Information Systems and Management. Jennifer Skibo
– no bio – Peter Skillman
– no bio – Stephen Stout
Stephen Stout spent nearly thirty years as a professional actor and director before starting to teach five years ago. He has started a theatre company, performed his one man show at the bottom of a mine shaft, acted on Broadway, Off-Broadway, TV and film. Now he is delighted to be teaching at a small independent school in CT, and showing young people the joy and power of being on a stage, winning and keeping an audiences’ attention. Introduced to Phil and the gang through wife Kendall Crolius, a devoted member of the group. Joe Sundermeyer
Joe Sundermeyer has worked at American Century Investments, an investment manager in Kansas City, since 1998 as a writer and now as managing editor/creative director for americancentury.com. Prior to joining American Century Investments, he worked as a freelance writer and graphic designer, a photo editor at a large textbook company, and a reporter at a small town newspaper. By far his favorite job, however, was as a clerk at one of the first locations of a now-ubiquitous big-box bookstore whose name is not Bar
nes and Noble. Joe is one of those lucky people who gets to do what he loves every day. But when he is not indulging his love of words and pictures, he’s spending time with his wife and four children, listening to music, reading, or running the trails and sidestreets of suburban Kansas. Bill Swislow
In his role of senior vice president for product, William Swislow attracts consumers to cars.com through his leadership of the website’s design, functionality and original editorial content. He has guided the site’s development since its inception in 1997 while recently adding oversight of product development for the business’ next biggest customer group, automotive dealers. Before joining cars.com, Swislow held several roles within the Chicago Tribune, including interactive marketplaces editor. During his tenure, Swislow managed the launch of the company’s first editorial website. Prior to his time with Tribune, he served as managing editor of the Society of Professional Journalists’ Quill Magazine and of four alternative weeklies in New England. Swislow also spent two years as an editor at Dow Jones News Service. Swislow received his bachelor’s degree in government from Harvard University and a master’s degree in journalism from Columbia University. In addition to his role at cars.com, he operates the cultural website interestingideas.com. Bruce Upbin
Bruce Upbin is a senior editor at Forbes magazine, overseeng technology and life sciences coverage. A long time ago he earned an MFA in fiction-writing from the University of Arizona. Hedy Williamson
I was born and live in Laguna Beach California. I received a BFA from UC Santa Cruz with a specialization in printmaking . I was a Peace Corps Volunteer in Jamaica where I taught art and worked with young craft workers. After Peace Corps I remained in Jamaica and taught at the national art school for a few years before receiving my MFA in design from The George Washington University. I teach occasional courses at a local community college, but mostly manage to live by selling my artwork and living frugally. Five years ago I remarried and my husband Bob and I love to travel and garden. Neither of us have children. We spend part of each year on Quadra Island in British Columbia. Stanton Wood
– no bio –
Strategy? Victory?
Thucydidites,
From the very beginning of this conflict I listed the strengths of each Sparta and Athens. I was trying to figure out what overarching strategy could be deployed to each side’s advantage, and I was wondering how each side would try to create and define victory.
Now, I am through year 4 of the war in our reading and I’m still trying to figure out what the strategy for winning the war is on both sides. It feels like a war of boarder skirmishes and a hope of achieving capitulation through attrition. I don’t see Athens putting forth a plan to systematically take over the town of Sparta. Nor, do I see Sparta doing something similar toward Athens. Maybe each side feels they can win by outlasting the other in a long war of attrition, but I also feel like both sides fall short of full conviction to truly go after “the head of the snake” on either side. Are they playing checkers instead of chess? It’s also not clear how victory is being defined by either side. Is it total annihilation of the people of each side? Is it to win enough allies to get the other side to capitulate? Is it to starve the other side of resources until they must choose between capitulation and starvation? How has each side defined what they are after and their larger plan for getting there? Is victory defined in a way that will still allow them to stand strong against their arch nemesis of Persia, or are they willing to weaken each other to the point where Persia can walk in and take them over? Aren’t they worried about that? It feels like a war of tactics and sub-strategies. Maybe Thucydides will reveal this later or maybe it will eventually become apparent. It’s a bit maddening for now as 4years have elapsed and the answer escapes me.
Jim
Happy birthday to Hedy!
Folks,
Please join me in wishing happy birthday to our longtime reader, colleague and friend, Hedy Williamson.
Happy birthday, Hedy!
Phil
Phil Terry
CEO, Creative Good
Founder, The Councils
www.creativegood.com
www.goodexperience.com
Erik Hagerman (A2009)
Depending on when and whom you ask, Erik Hagerman is either a creative executive with an art problem, or an artist with a creative executive problem. As a creative executive, he’s designed online user experiences and led creative teams for companies ranging from the small and startuppy (PlanetRx, Cuil) to the large and behemothy (Wal-Mart, Disney). He is currently Vice President, Creative for Cuil.com, a startup search engine. Prior to joining Cuil, he was Vice President, Creative at Walmart.com, where he led marketing and site design and built and managed the user experience team. As an artist, he builds sculpture and assemblage out of mostly salvaged materials and found objects, including salvaged lumber, wooden foundry molds and used wooden toy building blocks (pics at http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikhagerman/ ). Hagerman recently moved his art-making operations into a superfantabulous warehouse space in Brooklyn, NY, which would be awesome except for the fact that the company he recently joined is located in Menlo Park, CA. Is this awkward? Yes it is. He holds a BA in History from Dartmouth College and an MA in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from Magdalen College, Oxford University, where he studied as a Marshall Scholar.
Thucydides Book 3 Study Questions
Hi folks,
Here are our next set of discussion questions for Book 3. I hope that the minimal notes will also help us keep the larger perspective of Thucydides’ direction in mind. I will get a more detailed outline of Book 3 to you next week.
Reading Book 3 may seem like more of Book 2 at first, but I have found that Thucydides tries different ways of narrating his history in each book. See if you can detect any subtle differences in presentation as you read through Book 3. The differences will become much more clear from Book 4 on.
Sincerely,
Andre
Summary of events so far:
Book 1 – events concerning primarily Athens & Sparta that lead up to the war
Book 2 – first three years progress of the war; at the beginning of Book 2, the Plataean occupation by Thebes starts the Peloponnesian war. By the third year, instead of the usual invasion and devastation of Attica, Sparta and the Peloponnesian League besiege Plataea and pressure it to renounce its association with Athens.
Book 3 – years four, five and six of the war; the opening of this book (fourth year of the war) concentrates first on the revolt of the island of Lesbos (except Methymna) from Athens.
Questions:
1. What conditions lead to this revolt? Why do the Mytilenians especially feel that this is the proper moment to challenge Athens? What are the strategic ramifications for a successful revolt versus an unsuccessful one?
In the summer of the fifth year, the Athenians debate the fate of Mytilene.
2. Cleon’s speech (3.37-3.40) imposes a hard line toward the Mytilenians in the name of Imperial rule. How are his words an indictment of the rule of Athenian democracy in determining foreign policy? Cleon is reported to have said: “I therefore now as before persist against your reversing your first decision, or giving way to the three failings most fatal to empire – pity, sentiment, and indulgence” (3.40, p. 178). Are “pity, sentiment, and indulgence” truly out of place in foreign policy decisions? domestic policy decisions? (Diodotus responds to “pity” and “indulgence” as well in 3.48)
3. How does Diodotus’ point of view present Athenian democracy in terms of foreign policy? Is he simply advocating a “dove” approach in response to Cleon’s “hawkish” approach? What part does social class play in Diodotus’ proposal? How ethical is it? How political? How does the result of the Mytilenian debate reflect the democratic process in Athens? How does the result speak to the rest of the Athenian allies?
By winter of the fourth year, the ensuing Plataean siege still leaves some important questions:
4. Why are the Spartans so intent on subjugating Plataea? Is the goal a military one? political? psychological? Why are the Athenians not sending more significant relief to the besieged Plataeans? Why are the Plataeans still remaining loyal to Athens? Why does Thucydides spend effort on describing the events of this particular siege (specifically 3.20-24, 3.52)?
In the fifth year of the war, the Plataeans (3.53-59) and Thebans (3.60-67) debate their own respective merits in the Greek world at this time:
5. Which argument is more persuasive to you? Is either argument much more forceful than the other? What reasons do the Plataeans have for standing with Athens? How are these reasons either stated or implied? How do the Thebans respond to the Plataean argument with any conviction? How does Sparta’s punishment of Plataea compare with Athens’ punishment of Lesbos (i.e. Mytilene)?
The effect of the Peloponnesian war upon Corcyra in the summer of the fifth year.
6. How does the Corcyrean revolution (3.69-85) complement what Thucydides initially brought up concerning the Mytilenean revolt? Is Thucydides maintaining “historical objectivity” or is he allowing too much subjective comment here? What is the significance of Corcyra with respect to any of the other many city-states that Athens has an interest in? to all of Greece? What is Thucydides implying with respect to the relationship between war and revolution? Does this bear out in later history?
7. Is the weather phenomena described in 3.89 a “tsunami”?!
By the sixth year of the war, the Athenians begin operations in the vicinity of Sicily and in parts of Northern Greece between Acarnania and Boeotia
8. As for military operations in Northern Greece, what is Thucydides trying to say by focusing on Demosthenes’ defeat and victory? How do the Athenian allies participate? Is Sparta’s military strategy here effective? Why or why not?
Mentions of Sicilian operations are scattered throughout the last part of Book 3 and will become more important in Book 4 as a reason the Athenians land at Pylos. In books 6 & 7, the ill-fated Athenian Expedition to Sicily will eventually affect the outcome of the whole Peloponnesian war.
Aristotle – The First Call
Here’s the conference call information for the first Aristotle discussion:
Tuesday, January 13
8pm Eastern / 5pm Pacific
1-888-350-0075
code: 5718476#
Agenda:
– De partibus Animalum (643 – 664)
– De Genratione Animalium (665 – 688)
How is the reading going for Aristotle? Quick reply?
Hey folks,
How’s Aristotle going?
I must say I love the discussion at the beginning of “On the parts of Animals” (pages 643 – 645) about what is education, the scientific method and so on.
His answers are not always welcome (for example, the stuff that seems to be critical of evolution and of the notion of “incidental occurences”*) but I love the dialogue.
And talking about “incidental occurences”, I almost lept out of my seat when I read that. Holy moly, this guy Emedocles seems to have partly anticipated Darwin…
“Empedocles, then, was in error when he said that many of the characters presented by animals were merely the results of incidental occurrences…” (page 645 – section 15)
Of course, Empedocles goes on to say some what look to be hilarious things (i.e. “backbone was divided as it is into vertebrae, because it happened to be broken owing to the contorted position of the foetus in the womb.”) And yes Empedocles was not saying that evolution over time – the evolutionary history of the species – was the issue (what biologists call “philogeny”). Rather, he seems to have been saying that the development in the womb – what biologists call “ontogeny – and incidental occurrences there – were the issue.
No matter – he brought up the important idea of randomness. It makes me wonder if Darwin read this very passage and experienced a kind of “light-bulk” moment.
Anyway, how’s it going?
Phil
Headlines from the Peloponnesian War – Book 3
Dear fellow Thucydides readers,
Here are my notes in outline form for Book 3. Feel free to use them to organize your thoughts as you move through your reading. Thucydides does not jump around too much in this book from theater to theater. My outline is made to help focus on the most significant locations for action during each year of the war. Thucydides’ comments start to come to the fore here as the balance of power between Sparta and Athens seems to go nowhere. Three more years elapse with casualties on both sides, yet no great gains are made by either side. I’ll be asking a handful of you to take on a question or two to comment on for our next conference call (Monday Feb 2). Let me know if you see a question you would like for yourself.
Sincerely,
Andre
Headlines from the Peloponnesian War, years 4, 5, and 6 (428-426 B.C.)
Summary of events so far:
Book 1 – events concerning primarily Athens & Sparta that lead up to the war
Book 2 – first three years progress of the war; at the beginning of Book 2, the Plataean occupation by Thebes starts the Peloponnesian war. By the third year, instead of the usual invasion and devastation of Attica, Sparta and the Peloponnesian League besiege Plataea and pressure it to renounce its association with Athens.
Book 3 – Years four (Mytilene), five (occupations of Mytilene, Plataea, and Corcyra) and six (operations in Sicily and in Northern Greece) of the war focus less on Attica and more on strategic areas important to Athens’ and Sparta’s allies.
*=speech
Beginning of 4th year (428), Summer
3.1 Archidamus King of Sparta invades Attica again (this Thucydides’ last mention of Archidamus, who must have relinquished command after this); Peloponnesian invasion subsides when provisions run out (showing the vulnerability of a large land force in sustained military operations; the Persians massive onslaught 50 years prior to this was also vulnerable to the same supply problems only on a much larger scale)
3.2-3.6 Revolt of Lesbos (except Methymna); Mytilene, a city on Lesbos and an Athenian subject, wanted to incite Lesbos to revolt even before the war, but Sparta wouldn’t receive their pleas for support. Opening hostilities between Mytilene and Athens end in a truce. Mytilene sends envoys to Sparta during this lull. Hostilities resume – more envoys to Sparta. Athens blockades Mytilene by sea.
3.7 Asopius leads an Athenian fleet (30 ships) around Peloponnesus.
3.8-3.14* Mytilenians present their case at Olympia.
Speech – an indictment of Athenian Imperialism and “enslavement” of other Greeks. Athens’ reputation has gone from being liberators of the Greeks from the Medes (Persians) to now being oppressors of the Greeks. Important quotes –
“It is not in Attica that the war will be decided, as some imagine, but in the countries by which Attica is supported” (3.13.5)
“…you will smooth the way to the overthrow of the Athenians by depriving them of their allies, who will be greatly encouraged to come over” (3.13.7)
Sparta’s opportunity to become a “world” power is now at hand. Can they overcome their provincial point of view or not? Will their culture allow it?
3.15- 3.18 Athens’ massive naval response repels Peloponnesian land & naval invasion of Attica. Spartan response to Mytilene promises a next year invasion of Attica and later 40 ships to Lesbos as reinforcements. Athens blockades Mytilene by land (as well as previously by sea).
Winter, 4th year (428)
3.19 tribute collection from Athenian allies
3.20-3.24 Plataeans break out
3.25 Spartan Salaethus sneaks into Mytilene informing them of Sparta’s plan to invade Attica in the Spring and deliver reinforcements to Mytilene by sea.
Beginning of 5th year (427), Summer
3.26-29 Sparta sends a fleet to Mytilene but before it arrives, the common people take over and surrender to Athens.
3.30* Alcidas the Spartan commander rejects Teutiaplus’ plea to continue to Mytilene
3.31 fearing all sorts of misfortunes (the Athenians have naval superiority)
3.32 he damages Sparta’s reputation as a “liberator” when prisoners continue to be executed
3.33 Paches chases Alcidas’ fleet, mops up Lesbos
3.36 Athenians kill Salaethus, a Spartan advisor to Mytilene, and are very Draconian in punishing the Mytileneans
3.37-40* Cleon presents his case of inclemency towards the Mytileneans: Athenian empire is a despotism.
3.41-3.48* Diodotus’ argument of utility for Athens does not necessarily include harsh measures toward the Mytilenean common people (freedom of speech for all points of view is very important in a democracy) (3.43)
3.49-3.50 Mytilene is “spared”
3.51 Nicias fortifies Minoa opposite Megara
3.52 Plataea surrenders
3.53-3.59* Plataean argument for Spartan leniency (Sparta declined to aid Plataea vs. Thebes, so Plataea went to Athens for help)
3.60-3.67* Theban argument for Spartan inclemency toward Plataea
3.68 Plataea punished and razed
3.69-3.85 Corcyrean revolution, basest passions of human nature are exhibited (3.82-3.84 evils of revolution)
3.86 Sicily – Syracuse, Locri (Dorians) allies of Sparta – control Sicily & grain
Leontini, Rhegium (Ionians) allies of Athens – control Rhegium & sea access
5th year (427), Winter – Aeolian islands (off N. Sicily) invaded by Athens
Beginning of 6th year (426), Summer
3.89 Tsunami/earthquakes, Peloponnesian invasion of Attica postponed
3.90 Athenian victory at Messana (Sicily)
3.91 Athenian invasion of island Melos and Tanagra (amphibious operations)
3.92-3.93 Spartan colony/outpost Heraclea in Trachis established, but does not prosper
Demosthenes, an Athenian commander, launches two land campaigns in Northern Greece:
3.94-3.102 The first resulted in an Athenian defeat at Aetolia, but the Athenians also successfully defend Naupactus from land attack.
6th year (426), Winter
3.104-3.114 The second campaign against Amphilocian Argos results in a great victory. Athenians also purify Delos & hold games (3.104).
3.103, 3.115-3.116 More operations in Sicily. Athenian reinforcements increase (some of these ships will land in Pylos in Book 4!)
20. January 2009 by Arrian
Categories: Commentary, Thucydides | Tags: Commentary, Thucydides | Comments Off on Headlines from the Peloponnesian War – Book 3